South Asians for Human Rights (SAHR), a regional network of human rights defenders, expresses grave concern regarding the reported aerial bombardment carried out by the Pakistan air force on 17 March 2026, during the holy month of Ramadan, in Kabul, the capital city of Afghanistan. According to available information, the attack resulted in the deaths of approximately 400 civilians and injuries to at least 265 others at a drug rehabilitation facility.
This tragic incident may constitute a serious violation of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), including the principles of distinction, proportionality, and precaution, as enshrined in the Geneva Conventions. Civilian facilities, including rehabilitation and medical centres, are protected under IHL and must not be targets of any military operation.
Reports indicate that the affected facility, with a capacity of approximately 2,000 beds, was functioning as a civilian rehabilitation centre at the time of the attack. While conflicting statements have emerged regarding its prior use, IHL requires that the status of an object be assessed at the time of attack, and in cases of doubt, civilian protection must prevail.
Irrespective of the status of governance in Afghanistan, including the absence of formal constitutional structures and the contested international legal standing of the de facto authorities, the obligations under IHL remain binding on all parties to an armed conflict, including states.
SAHR underscores that obligations under IHL remain binding on all parties to a conflict, irrespective of the political or legal status of governing authorities.
In light of these concerns, SAHR calls for:
- The immediate establishment of an independent, impartial, and transparent investigation under the auspices of the United Nations or a credible international mechanism;
- Full accountability in accordance with international law;
- The provision of effective remedies, including prompt and adequate reparation to victims and their families;
- Concrete measures to ensure compliance with IHL to prevent recurrence of such incidents.
SAHR reiterates that the protection of civilians is a fundamental principle of international law and urges all parties to uphold their obligations accordingly.
On behalf of the members of the South Asians for Human Rights
Dr. Roshmi Goswami
Co-Chairperson
Dr. P. Saravanamuttu
Bureau Member